Journal of Alternative Complementary & Integrative Medicine Category: Medicine Type: Research Article

Chemical Constituents from Thalictrum ramosum

Fan-Cheng Meng1, Cen Yuan1, Wen-Jing Wang2, Xiao-Jun Huang2, Xian-Tao Zhang3 and Qing-Wen Zhang4*
1 State key laboratory of quality research in chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
2 Institute of traditional chinese medicine and natural products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
3 Institute of traditional chinese medicine, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
4 State key laboratory of quality research in chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China

*Corresponding Author(s):
Qing-Wen Zhang
State Key Laboratory Of Quality Research In Chinese Medicine, Institute Of Chinese Medical Sciences, University Of Macau, Macao SAR, China
Tel:+853 88224879,
Email:qwzhang@umac.mo

Received Date: Nov 03, 2017
Accepted Date: Nov 20, 2017
Published Date: Dec 05, 2017
DOI:10.24966/ACIM-7562/100043

Abstract

Thalictrum ramosum is a plant from Thalictrum genus, and is also one substitute of Coptidis Rhizoma in Chinese folk medicine. Phytochemical investigation on the EtOH extract of T. ramosum led to the isolation of 9 compounds. Their structures were elucidated as berberine (1), columbamine (2), thalidastine (3), magnoflorine (4), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol (5), citroside B (6), glochidionionoside A (7), apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-D-xylopyranoside (8) and hydrangeifolin I (9) through 1D and 2D NMR, MS experiments and comparison with literature data. All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Keywords

Alkaloid; Flavone C-glycoside; Lignan; Megastigmane glucoside; Thalictrum ramosum

INTRODUCTION

Thalictrum often refers to the plants form Thalictrum genus which has been used in Tibetan medicine and Mongolian medicine in China for thousands of years. It was found that 29 plants from Thalictrum genus were used as folk medicine in China and 14 of them were used as the succedaneum of Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian in Chinese) [1]. The Thalictrum herbs were also called ‘maweihuanglian’ or ‘mawei lian’ (mawei in Chinese means horsetail) because they have a horsetail-like appearance and anti-inflammation and antibacterial functions resembling to Coptidis Rhizoma. Modern pharmacological investigations revealed that the important associations of Thalictrum with the bioactivities of antitumor, anti-inflammation, antivirus, and effects on the cardio-vascular, autoimmune and central nervous system, etc [2-3]. Some secondary metabolites including alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids and organic acids have been reported from plants of Thalictrum genus [3-7].

ramosum, is one of the substitutes of Coptidis Rhizoma. Recently, we reported some cycloartane triterpene saponins from the plants in Thalictrum genus including this herb [1-3]. Further phytochemical investigations on the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the EtOH extract of T. ramosum has led to the purification of 9 compounds and their structures were elucidated as: berberine (1), columbamine (2), thalidastine (3), magnoflorine (4), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol (5), citroside B (6), glochidionionoside A (7), apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-D-xylopyranoside (8), hydrangeifolin I (9) by means of UV, IR, MS, NMR, HMBC, HSQC, 1H-1H COSY, ROESY, etc.

EXPERIMENTAL

General experimental procedures

HR-ESI-MS measurements were carried out on an Agilent series 1200SL HPLC (Agilent Technologies, USA). NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance-300, 400, 500 and 600 spectrometers. Prep-HPLC purification was carried out on a Cosmosil 5C18-AR-II column (250mm × 20 mm i.d., 5mm, Cosmosil, Japan) on a Shimadzu LC-20AP Series prep-HPLC apparatus (Shimadzu, Japan). Column chromatography was performed on ODS (Alltech, USA), silica gel (200 - 300 mesh, Qingdao Marine Chemical Group Co., Qingdao, China), Macroporous resin (D101, Haiguang Chemical Group Co., Tianjin, China), Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia, USA). The solvents of analytical grade, used for extraction, gel chromatography and macroporous resin column chromatography, were supplied by Kaitong Chemical Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Solvents applied for preparative column and HPLC analysis were of HPLC grade and purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Distilled water was purified with a Millipore Milli Q-Plus system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA).

Plant material

The rhizomes of T. ramosum Boivin were collected from Emei, Sichuan Province, China in 2012, and authenticated by Dr. Chun-Feng Qiao. A voucher specimen was deposited in Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College.

Isolation and purification

Dried plants of T. ramosum were powdered and extracted with 95% ethanol (3 × 20L) under reflux. The ethanol extract was suspended in water and then successively extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH.

The n-BuOH solution was concentrated and gives a residue (344 g), which was separated by a silica gel column using CHCl3-MeOH (1:0 → 1:1) as eluent, affording 14 fractions (Fr. 1-14). Compound 1 was obtained by recrystallization of Fr. 7. Fr. 8 (8.6 g) was purified by a silica gel column using EtOAc-MeOH (10:1→5:1) as eluent to afford Fr. 8.1 - Fr. 8.7 (0.7 g). The same elution method was applied to Fr. 8.7 to afford Fr. 8.7.1 which was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography with MeOH to afford compound 2 (2.6 mg). Fr. 12 was purified by an ODS chromatographic method elueted with MeOH-Water (10%→90%) to afford Fr. 12.1 - Fr. 12.4. Fr. 12.3 was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography using MeOH-Water (90:10) as eluent to afford Fr. 12.1 - Fr. 12.3. Compound 4 (22.5 mg) and 9 (24.1 mg) was isolated from Fr. 12.3.3 by Prep-HPLC using CH3CN-H2O (15:85) as eluent.

Fr. 9 (25 g) was purified by a silica gel column using CDCl3-MeOH (10:1→1:1) as eluent to afford Fr. 9.1 - Fr. 9.7. Fr. 9.6 was purified by an ODS chromatographic method using MeOH-Water (10% → 90%) as eluent to afford Fr. 9.6.1 - Fr. 9.6.3. Prep-HPLC was applied to Fr. 9.6.2 using CH3CN-H2O (25:75) as eluent to afford compound 3 (50 mg). Fr. 9.5 was purified by an ODS chromatographic method using MeOH-Water (10% → 90%) and then further purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography using MeOH-H2O (90:10) as eluent to afford Fr. 9.5.1.1 and Fr. 9.5.1.2. Prep-HPLC was applied to Fr. 9.5.1.1 using CH3CN-H2O (18:82) as eluent to afford compound 6 (12.1 mg) and 7 (2.0 mg). Compound 5 (10.1 mg) was isolated from Fr. 9.5.1.2 by Prep-HPLC using CH3CN-H2O (13:87) as eluent. Fr-14 was chromatographedon a macropourous resin column using EtOH-Water (0% → 95%) as eluent to afford Fr. 14. 1 - Fr. 14.6. Fr. 14.4 was purified by an ODS chromatographic method using MeOH-Water (10% → 90%) as eluent to afford Fr. 14.4.1 - Fr. 14.4.6. Prep-HPLC was applied to Fr. 14.4.5 using CH3CN-H2O (12:88) as eluent to afford compound 8.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Chemical study on T. ramosum led to the isolation of nine compounds including four alkaloids, one lignans, two megastigmane glucosides, one flavone C-glycoside and a benzylated disaccharide. And their structures were characterized as follows.

Compound 1 yellow crystals: C20H18NO4+, ESI-MS m/z336 [M]+,1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ:9.87 (1H, s, H-8), 8.91 (1H, s, H-13), 8.19 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz, H-11), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz, H-12), 7.77 (1H, s, H-1), 7.08 (1H, s, H-4), 6.17 (2H, s, OCH2O), 4.93 (2H, t, J = 6.2 Hz, H-6), 4.10 (3H, s, 9-OCH3), 4.07 (3H, s, 10-OCH3), 3.21 (2H, t, J = 6.2 Hz, H-5). 13C NMR (DMSO, 100 MHz) δ: 150. 4 (C-10), 149.8 (C-3), 147.7 (C-2), 145.4 (C-9), 143.7 (C-8), 137.5 (C-14), 133.0 (C-12a), 130.6 (C-4a), 126.8 (C-11), 123.5 (C-12), 121.4 (C-8a), 120.4 (C-14a), 120.1 (C-13), 108.4 (C-4), 105.4 (C-1), 102.5 (OCH2O), 61.9 (9-OCH3), 57.0 (10-OCH3), 55.2 (C-6), 26.3 (C-5). These data were consistent those of berberine in the literature [8]. Thus, compound 1 was elucidated as berberine.

Compound 2 yellow powder: 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ: 9.74 (1H, s, H-8), 8.63 (1H, s, H-13), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz, H-11), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz, H-12), 7.55 (1H, s, H-1), 7.01 (1H, s, H-4), 5.95 (2H, m, H-6), 4.20 (3H, s, 9-OCH3), 4.10 (3H, s,10-OCH3) 3.96 (3H, s, 2-OCH3), 3.23 (2H, m, H-5). 13C NMR (CD3OD, 100 MHz) δ: 152.5 (C-9), 151.9 (C-2), 148.3 (C-3), 146.3 (C-8), 145.7 (C-10), 140.0 (C-13a), 135.3 (C-12a), 128.5 (C-4a), 128.1 (C-12), 124.4 (C-11), 123.3 (C-14), 121.1 (C-13), 120.7 (C-8a), 113.2 (C-4), 112.0 (C-1), 62.5 (9-OCH3), 57.7 (10-OCH3), 57.5 (3-OCH3), 56.7 (C-6), 27.8 (C-5). These data were consistent those of columbamine in the literature [9]. Compound 2 was elucidated as columbamine.

Compound 3 yellow powder: 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz) δ: 9.89 (1H, br s, H-8), 8.97 (1H, s, H-13), 7.90 (1H, br s, H-11), 7.90 (1H, br s, H-12), 7.85 (1H, s, H-1), 7.16 (1H, s, H-4), 6.20 (2H, s, OCH2O), 5.11 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz, H-5), 5.01 (1H, br s, H-6a), 4.84 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz, H-6b), 4.08 (3H, s, 9-OCH3). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 75 MHz) δ: 149.7 (C-3), 149.6(C-10), 148.6 (C-2), 145.0 (C-8), 141.3(C-9), 136.4 (C-14), 132.6 (C-12a), 132.2 (C-11), 131.3 (C-4a), 123.7 (C-12), 122.4 (C-8a), 120.5 (C-14a), 119.8 (C-13), 108.1 (C-4), 105.4 (C-1), 102.3 (OCH2O), 61.4 (C-6), 62.9 (9-O CH3), 60.8 (C-5). These data were consistent those of thalidastine in the literature [10]. So, compound 3 was elucidated as thalidastine.

Compound 4 yellow amorphous powder: C20H24NO4+, ESI-MS m/z 342 [M+H]+, 1H NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz) δ : 6.63 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-9), 6.40 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-8), 6.40 (1H, br s, H-3), 3.81 (3H, s, 10-OCH3), 3.72 (3H, s, 2-OCH3), 3.68 (1H, m, H-6a), 3.38 (1H, m, H-5β), 3.18 (3H, br s, N-OCH3β), 3.06 (1H, m, H-4α), 2.90 (1H, m, H-5α), 2.85 (1H, m, H-7β), 2.72 (3H, br s, N-OCH3α), 2.48 (1H, m, H-4β), 2.30 (1H, m, H-7α). 13C NMR (CD3OD, 75 MHz) δ : 153.0 (C-2a), 151.7 (C-10), 150.7 (C-1), 149.7 (C-11), 126.0 (C-7a), 123.5 (C-11a), 123.4 (C-11b), 121.0 (C-6b), 117.0 (C-8), 115.8 (C-3a), 110.5 (C-9), 109.3 (C-3), 70.9 (C-6a), 62.2 (C-5), 56.3 (2-OCH3), 55.9 (10-OCH3), 53.8 (N-CH3α), 43.5 (N-CH3β), 31.6 (C-7), 24.6 (C-4). The above spectral data were identical to those of magnoflorine reported in the reference [8]. Thus compound 4 was determined to be magnoflorine.

Compound 5 amorphous light-yellowish powder: C20H26O9, ESI-MS m/z 433[M+Na]+, 1HNMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δ : 7.04 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-2), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz, H-2′), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-5′), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 1.6 Hz, H-6′), 6.84 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 1.6 Hz, H-6), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5), 4.84 (1H, d, J = 5.8 Hz, H-7), 4.56 (1H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-7′), 4.36 (1H, dt, J = 5.7, 3.8 Hz,H-8), 3.87 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 3.7 Hz, H-9a), 3.83 (3H, s, 3-OMe), 3.83 (3H, s, 3′-OMe), 3.80 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 3.7 Hz,H-9b), 3.67 (1H, dt, J = 5.9, 4.1 Hz,H-8′), 3.50 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 4.0 Hz, H-9′a), 3.38 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 4.1 Hz,H-9′b); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δ: 151.7 (C-3′), 148.7 (C-3), 148.6 (C-4′), 147.0 (C-4), 137.7 (C-1′), 134.2 (C-1), 121.0 (C-6), 120.5 (C-6′), 118.7 (C-5′), 115.6 (C-5), 112.3 (C-2′), 111.8 (C-2), 86.2 (C-8), 77.4 (C-8′), 75.1 (C-7′), 74.1 (C-7), 64.2 (C-9′), 62.2 (C-9), 56.5 (3′-OCH3), 56.3 (3-OCH3). These data were consistent those in the literature [11]. Therefore, compound 5 was elucidated as 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol.

Compound 6 amorphous powder: C19H30O8, ESI-MS m/z 409 [M+Na]+,1H NMR (Pyridine-d5, 500 MHz) δ : 6.04 (1H, s, H-8), 5.14 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz, H-1′), 5.10 (1H, m, H-3), 4.48 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.2 Hz, H-6′a), 4.31 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 5.3 Hz, H-6′b), 3.99 (1H, t, J = 8.1 Hz, H-2′), 3.62 (1H, s), 3.04 (1H, dd, J = 13.6, 2.0 Hz, H-4a), 2.30 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 2.4 Hz, H-2a), 2.23 (3H, s, H-10), 1.79 - 1.72 (2H, m, H-2b,4b), 1.70 (3H, s, H-13), 1.69 (3H, s, H-12) and 1.21 (3H, s, H-11). 13C NMR (Pyridine-d5, 125 MHz) δ : 212.0 (C-7), 198.1 (C-9), 119.3 (C-6), 101.4 (C-1′), 99.0 (C-8), 79.7 (C-5), 78.7 (C-3′), 78.7 (C-5′), 75.7 (C-2′), 72.2 (C-4′), 63.3 (C-3), 63.0 (C-6′), 50.8 (C-2), 47.9 (C-4), 36.9 (C-1), 32.8 (C-12), 30.3 (C-11), 27.6 (C-10) and 27.0 (C-13). These data were consistent those in the literature [12]. Compound 6 was elucidated as citroside B.

Compound 7 pale yellow amorphous powder: 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δ : 6.03 (1H, dd, J = 15.6 Hz, H-7), 5.75 (1H, s, H-4), 5.71 (1H, dd, J = 15.5, 6.1 Hz, H-8), 4.98 (2H, s, H-13), 4.32 (1H, m, H-9), 4.13 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1′), 2.55 (1H, d, J = 16.6 Hz, H-2a), 2.05 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz, H-2b), 1.82 (3H, d, J = 1.3 Hz, H-10), 0.94 (3H, s, H-11), 0.92 (3H, s, H-12). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δ : 200.8 (C-3), 166.9 (C-5), 132.6 (C-7), 131.3 (C-8), 127.0 (C-4), 104.5 (C-1′), 80.0 (C-6), 77.9 (C-5′), 77.8 (C-3′), 75.1 (C-2′), 74.8 (C-13), 72.0 (C-9), 71.5 (C-4′), 62.7 (C-6′), 50.7 (C-2), 42.4 (C-1), 23.5 (C-11), 24.6 (C-12) and 19.7 (C-10). These data were consistent those in the literature [13]. Compound 7 was elucidated as glochidionionoside A.

Compound 8 yellow powder: 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 500 MHz) δ : 13.76 (1H, s, 5-OH), 7.95 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 6.93 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-3′,5′), 6.81 (1H, s, H-3), 4.87 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-1), 4.63 (1H, d, J = 9.7 Hz, H-1?). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 125MHz) δ : 163.6 (C-2), 102.6 (C-3), 182.1 (C-4), 161.2 (C-7), 121.5 (C-1′), 128.6 (C-2′, 6′), 115.9 (C-3′, 5′), 159.5 (C-4′), 75.2 (C-1″), 71.4 (C-2″), 78.7 (C-3″), 69.7 (C-4″), 70.5 (C-5″), 74.6 (C-1?), 70.9 (C-2?), 78.8 (C-3?), 69.9 (C-4?) and 70.3 (C-5?). These data were consistent those in the literature [14]. Compound 8 was elucidated as apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-D-xylopyranoside.

Compound 9 pale yellow amorphous powder: C19H28O10, m/ z 439 [M+Na]+, 1H NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz) δ : 7.38 (2H, d, J = 6.7 Hz, H-2, 6), 7.30 (2H, m, H-3, 5), 7.23 (1H, m, H-4), 4.75 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz, H-7a), 4.82 (1H, s, H-1''), 4.60 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz, H-7b), 4.29 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, H-1'), 3.96 (1H, dd, J = 11.2 Hz, H-6'b), 3.84 (1H, m, H-6'a), 1.23 (3H, d, J = 6.2 Hz, H-6''). 13C NMR (CD3OD, 75 MHz) δ : 138.8 (C-1), 129.3 (C-2, 3, 5, 6), 128.8 (C-4), 103.1 (C-1'), 102.3 (C-1''), 78.0 (C-3'), 76.9 (C-5'), 75.1 (C-2'), 74.0 (C-4''),72.3 (C-3''), 72.2 (C-2''),71.8 (C-7), 71.7 (C-4'), 69.8 (C-5''), 68.1 (C-6') and 18.1 (C-6''). These data were consistent those in the literature [15]. So, compound 9 was elucidated as hydrangeifolin I (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Structures of compounds 1-9.
 

Even though Thalictrum showed different morphological features from Coptidis Rhizoma, many Thalictrum plants have a very close name to Coptidis Rhizoma (horsetail-Coptidis-Rhizoma) and were used as the succedaneum of Coptidis Rhizoma for the treatment of inflammation and infectious diseases for thousands years in China. As is known, bioactivities and functions of herbal medicine are closely related with its chemical composition. The phytochemical investigation in current study and reported literatures showed that the plants of those two genera (Thalictrum and Copdis) contain some same constituents such as berberine-type alkaloid [16-18]. Berberine-type alkaloids showed potent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities [19-23]. Compounds berberine (1), columbamine (2) and magnoflorine (3) has also been reported from Coptidis Rhizoma before [10]. Those compounds occurrence in both genera led them to have some same functions and explained why those Thalictrumplants were used as the substitute of Coptidis Rhizoma for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Furthermore, together with Thalictrum genus, Coptis genus, the source of Coptidis Rhizoma, also belongs to the subfamily Thalictroideae. Researches on the chemical composition and pharmacological activities should be beneficial for the further development and application of T. ramosum and other plants of Thalictrum genus.


The n-BuOH solution was concentrated and gives a residue (344 g), which was separated by a silica gel column using CHCl3-MeOH (1:0 → 1:1) as eluent, affording 14 fractions (Fr. 1-14). Compound 1 was obtained by recrystallization of Fr. 7. Fr. 8 (8.6 g) was purified by a silica gel column using EtOAc-MeOH (10:1→5:1) as eluent to afford Fr. 8.1 - Fr. 8.7 (0.7 g). The same elution method was applied to Fr. 8.7 to afford Fr. 8.7.1 which was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography with MeOH to afford compound 2 (2.6 mg). Fr. 12 was purified by an ODS chromatographic method elueted with MeOH-Water (10%→90%) to afford Fr. 12.1 - Fr. 12.4. Fr. 12.3 was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography using MeOH-Water (90:10) as eluent to afford Fr. 12.1 - Fr. 12.3. Compound 4 (22.5 mg) and 9 (24.1 mg) was isolated from Fr. 12.3.3 by Prep-HPLC using CH3CN-H2O (15:85) as eluent.

Fr. 9 (25 g) was purified by a silica gel column using CDCl3-MeOH (10:1→1:1) as eluent to afford Fr. 9.1 - Fr. 9.7. Fr. 9.6 was purified by an ODS chromatographic method using MeOH-Water (10% → 90%) as eluent to afford Fr. 9.6.1 - Fr. 9.6.3. Prep-HPLC was applied to Fr. 9.6.2 using CH3CN-H2O (25:75) as eluent to afford compound 3 (50 mg). Fr. 9.5 was purified by an ODS chromatographic method using MeOH-Water (10% → 90%) and then further purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography using MeOH-H2O (90:10) as eluent to afford Fr. 9.5.1.1 and Fr. 9.5.1.2. Prep-HPLC was applied to Fr. 9.5.1.1 using CH3CN-H2O (18:82) as eluent to afford compound 6 (12.1 mg) and 7 (2.0 mg). Compound 5 (10.1 mg) was isolated from Fr. 9.5.1.2 by Prep-HPLC using CH3CN-H2O (13:87) as eluent. Fr-14 was chromatographedon a macropourous resin column using EtOH-Water (0% → 95%) as eluent to afford Fr. 14. 1 - Fr. 14.6. Fr. 14.4 was purified by an ODS chromatographic method using MeOH-Water (10% → 90%) as eluent to afford Fr. 14.4.1 - Fr. 14.4.6. Prep-HPLC was applied to Fr. 14.4.5 using CH3CN-H2O (12:88) as eluent to afford compound 8.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to Dr. Chun-Feng Qiao for authentication of the herbal materials. This work was supported by funds from Macao Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT/042/2014/A1), University of Macau (MYRG2014-00162-ICMS-QRCM), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81273407).

 

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Citation: Meng F-C, Yuan C, Wang W-J, Huang X-J, Zhang X-T, et al. (2017) Chemical Constituents from Thalictrum ramosum. J Altern Complement Integr Med 3: 043.

Copyright: © 2017  Fan-Cheng Meng, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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