Stem cells are unique, undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various specialized cell types. They serve as the body’s natural repair system, replenishing tissues throughout life. Stem cell research explores their ability to regenerate damaged tissues, treat degenerative diseases, and model human development. Types include embryonic stem cells, which are pluripotent and can become any cell type, and adult stem cells, which are multipotent and more specialized. Their therapeutic potential is vast, covering applications in regenerative medicine, transplantation, and drug discovery.

Understanding stem cell biology helps develop innovative treatments for disorders like Parkinson’s, diabetes, and heart disease. The field also focuses on overcoming challenges such as immune rejection, ethical concerns, and optimizing cell delivery methods, paving the way for transformative clinical therapies.