Non-infectious diseases or non-communicable diseases (NCDs), are long-term conditions not caused by infections and cannot be spread between people. They often result from genetic, environmental, or lifestyle factors. Common NCDs include heart disease, diabetes, cancer, asthma, and neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s.

Key risk factors include unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol use, and exposure to pollutants. NCDs are responsible for over 70% of global deaths but are largely preventable through healthy lifestyle choices, early detection, and proper management.

Public health efforts focusing on awareness, early diagnosis, and improved healthcare access are vital in reducing the impact of NCDs.