Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs and chemical agents affect the brain and nervous system, influencing behavior, cognition, and physiological processes. This field explores the interactions between pharmaceuticals and neural pathways, focusing on how substances modulate neurotransmitter activity, receptor function, and synaptic transmission. Through understanding these mechanisms, neuropharmacology plays a pivotal role in developing treatments for a wide array of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Research in neuropharmacology investigates both the therapeutic potential and side effects of existing and novel drugs. It covers diverse areas such as receptor pharmacodynamics, drug metabolism, neurotoxicity, and the development of targeted delivery systems. Additionally, it explores how individual genetic differences influence drug responses, supporting the advancement of personalized medicine.