Tumors are abnormal masses of tissue resulting from excessive, unregulated cell proliferation. They are broadly classified into benign and malignant categories based on their biological behavior. Benign tumors grow slowly, remain localized, and are generally non-lethal, whereas malignant tumors commonly referred to as cancers exhibit invasive properties and the potential to metastasize. Tumor development is a multistep process influenced by genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and microenvironmental cues that disrupt normal regulatory mechanisms of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair.

Tumors are highly heterogeneous, both within a single lesion (intra-tumoral heterogeneity) and across different patients, which significantly impacts diagnosis, treatment planning, and therapeutic response. Tumor classification and grading based on histopathology, molecular markers, and genomic profiles provide critical information for prognosis and treatment decisions. The advent of advanced imaging, molecular diagnostics, and tissue profiling has improved the ability to characterize tumors with greater accuracy.

At the Journal of Cancer Biology and Treatment, we emphasize research that investigates tumor initiation, evolution, heterogeneity, and interaction with the host environment. We particularly encourage submissions exploring novel diagnostic tools, biomarker discovery, and mechanistic studies that pave the way for more effective tumor-specific therapies.