Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders Category: Clinical Type: Research Article
Role of Glucocorticoids and Stress in Pathogeny of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Disorders
- Viktor Ivanovitch Goudochnikov1*
- 1 Council Of International Society For Dohad, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
*Corresponding Author:
Viktor Ivanovitch GoudochnikovCouncil Of International Society For Dohad, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
Tel:+55 5530273270,
Email:victorig40@hotmail.com
Received Date: Dec 12, 2017 Accepted Date: Apr 16, 2018 Published Date: Apr 30, 2018
Abstract
Presented work aimed at preparing literature review that could describe the contribution of Glucocorticoids (GC) and stress to pathogeny of diabetes mellitus and related disorders: Metabolic syndrome and obesity. This review includes the following topics: Effects of GC and stress on glucose metabolism, the role of GC and stress in pathogenetic mechanisms of clinical and experimental diabetes, the importance of catecholamines and other stress hormones in mechanisms of hypo and hyperglycemia, interactions of GC with high-fat diet, contribution of GC to comorbidity of metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders, metabolic consequences of prolonged GC treatment, the role of GC in programming/imprinting phenomena, the importance of stress proteins in pathogeny of metabolic disorders and modes of counteracting stress and GC in diabetes and related diseases. The conclusion is made about the necessity of more detailed evaluation of the effects of hormones having antistress properties, as applied to metabolic disorders.
Keywords
ABBREVIATIONS
BDNF: Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone
DOHaD: Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
DST: Dexamethasone Suppression Test
GC: Glucocorticoids
HPA: Hypothalamo Pituitary Adrenal (axis)
HSP: Heat Shock Proteins
iHSP70: Intracellular Hsp70
eHSP70: Extracellular HSP70
eHSP72: Extracellular HSP72
PEPCK: Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase
PPAR-alpha: Peroxysome Proliferator-Activated Receptor, Type Alpha
PPAR-gamma: Peroxysome Proliferator-Activated Receptor, Type Gamma
SAMS: Sympatho Adrenomedullary System
11beta-HSD1: 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
INTRODUCTION
Earlier we have briefly discussed the role of Glucocorticoids (GC) in mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases [1,2]. During such discussion it became clear that it is necessary to describe in more details the role of GC and stress in pathogeny of various diseases. Therefore, the presented work aimed at preparing literature review about the contribution of GC and stress to pathogeny of diabetes mellitus and related disorders, especially metabolic syndrome and obesity. Our choice of GC from the whole spectrum of stress hormones was justified, on one hand, by central positions occupied by GC in metabolic bioregulation and on the other hand, by the broad use of GC in various subfields of medicine as pharmacotherapeutic preparations, mainly with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action. Therefore, it is necessary to consider possible diabetogenic GC action on patients with non-endocrine disorders.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two types of stress as related to stress hormones and proteins
Effects of glucocorticoids and stress on parameters of glucose metabolism
Role of glucocorticoids and stress in pathogenetic mechanisms of clinical diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity
The role of catecholamines and other stress hormones in mechanisms of hypo and hyperglycemia, as well as other metabolic disorders
Role of glucocorticoids and stress in pathogeny of experimental diabetes and metabolic disturbances related to high-fat diet
Role of glucocorticoids in comorbidities of metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders
Metabolic consequences of pharmacotherapy with exogenous glucocorticoids
Role of glucocorticoids in phenomena of programming/imprinting of metabolic disorders
The importance of stress proteins in pathogeny of metabolic disorders
Modes of counteracting stress and glucocorticoids as possible means of treatment of metabolic disorders
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is grateful to unknown reviewers for valuable suggestions that allowed to greatly improve the final version of this manuscript.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The author affirms that conflict of interests related to this work does not exist.
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Citation:Goudochnikov IV (2018) Role of Glucocorticoids and Stress in Pathogeny of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Disorders. J Diabetes Metab Disord 5: 022.
Copyright: © 2018 Viktor Ivanovitch Goudochnikov, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
