Sepsis remains a major global health concern, characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. Early recognition and timely intervention are critical to improving outcomes. The latest guidelines emphasize the "Hour-1 Bundle," which includes immediate measurement of lactate levels, obtaining blood cultures, administering broad-spectrum antibiotics, and initiating rapid fluid resuscitation.

Advances in point-of-care diagnostics and biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, support early identification and differentiation of sepsis from other inflammatory conditions. Hemodynamic monitoring and bedside ultrasound are increasingly used to guide fluid management and detect shock early. The integration of artificial intelligence and electronic alert systems in emergency departments is enhancing early sepsis detection and protocol adherence. Emerging strategies focus on immunomodulation, organ support, and personalized therapy based on individual patient response. These developments, combined with education and protocol-driven care, aim to reduce sepsis-related mortality and improve long-term patient outcomes.