Neuro-oncology is the medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating tumors of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These tumors can be primary, originating within the nervous system, or secondary (metastatic), spreading from cancers elsewhere in the body. Common primary brain tumors include gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary adenomas. Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and deadly forms. Symptoms of neuro-oncological tumors depend on their size and location and can include headaches, seizures, neurological deficits, and cognitive changes. Diagnosis involves imaging techniques like MRI and CT scans, often followed by biopsy to determine tumor type and grade. Treatment strategies include surgery to remove tumors, radiation therapy to target cancer cells, and chemotherapy or targeted therapies to control tumor growth. Recent advances in neuro-oncology focus on precision medicine, immunotherapy, and novel drug delivery methods that cross the blood-brain barrier. Neuro-oncologists work closely with neurologists, neurosurgeons, radiologists, and oncologists to provide comprehensive care.