Sensory processing refers to the complex mechanisms by which the brain interprets, organizes, and responds to information received from the environment through the senses. These senses—including vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell—collect raw data that the brain translates into meaningful perceptions, enabling individuals to interact effectively with their surroundings. Proper sensory integration is essential for everyday tasks, such as maintaining balance, recognizing objects, and understanding social cues.

Research in sensory processing examines how sensory signals are transmitted, filtered, and integrated across multiple brain regions. Variations or disruptions in these processes can lead to sensory processing disorders, which affect attention, motor skills, emotional regulation, and learning. Conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and anxiety often involve atypical sensory experiences, making this an important area of study for clinical intervention.