Alexithymia is a psychological condition characterized by difficulty identifying, understanding, and describing one’s own emotions. Individuals with alexithymia often struggle to distinguish between emotional feelings and bodily sensations, which impairs emotional awareness and interpersonal communication. This condition is not a disorder itself but is frequently associated with psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and psychosomatic illnesses. It can contribute to difficulties in emotional regulation and social relationships. The exact cause is unclear but may involve genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. Treatment focuses on improving emotional awareness and expression through psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or emotion-focused therapy. Increasing emotional literacy can enhance coping strategies, reduce psychological distress, and improve overall quality of life. Alexithymia highlights the critical role of emotional processing in mental health and the need for tailored therapeutic approaches addressing these challenges.