Sleep disorders encompass a range of conditions that disrupt normal sleep patterns, negatively impacting physical health, mood, and cognitive function. Common types include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, and circadian rhythm disorders. These disorders can be primary or secondary to other medical or psychiatric conditions, such as depression or anxiety. Symptoms vary but often involve difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, or abnormal movements during sleep. Poor sleep quality can worsen mental health and increase risks for cardiovascular disease, obesity, and impaired immune function. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation and sometimes sleep studies like polysomnography. Treatment depends on the disorder and may include behavioral interventions (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia), medications, lifestyle modifications, or devices such as CPAP for sleep apnea. Addressing sleep disorders is critical for holistic mental and physical well-being.